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June 03, 2007

Food Miles and CO2

No, really, imported food can have lower CO2 emissions than locally grown:

One study by Lincoln University, in New Zealand, found that     2,849kg of carbon dioxide is produced for every tonne of lamb raised     in Britain, while just 688kg of the gas is released with imported     New Zealand lamb, even after it has travelled the 11,000 miles to     Britain. Researchers and farmers in Britain have raised doubts over     the accuracy of the New Zealand figures, but they concede that sheep     farming in New Zealand is more efficient than in our own country.
...
But other studies of fruit and vegetable production have revealed     a more complex picture. Research by the centre for environmental     strategy at Surrey University has shown that British apples are     better for the environment during autumn and winter, but in spring     and summer it is "greener" to import them.
Dr Llorenç Milà I Canals, of Surrey University, said: "By     May, apples harvested in Britain have been kept in refrigerated     storage for more than six months, which uses a lot of energy. At     that point, it becomes better to import from New Zealand."
...

He has also found similar results for the production of lettuces,     which showed that the energy used to produce out-of-season lettuces     in winter in Britain was greater than importing lettuces from Spain.     He added: "If you are producing lettuce in a heated glasshouse     in the UK, the amount of energy you are using is huge, so in that     case buying British produce over winter is a bad idea."

Similarly, British farmers who grow tomatoes and strawberries     often rely on heated greenhouses to produce crops outside the short     fruit season in Britain. Dr Adrian Williams, an agriculture expert     from Cranfield University, in Bedfordshire, said: "If you     produce something in an unheated greenhouse abroad or in a field,     you make a considerable saving, as you are not having to use large     amounts of energy heating a greenhouse. You could expect there to be     a difference even if you allow for the transport from Spain."

Earlier this year, Mr Williams revealed that growing roses in     Kenya produces just 17 per cent as much carbon dioxide as growing     them in Holland. Importing beans by air from Uganda or Kenya is also     more efficient.

Prof Edwards-Jones explained why: "In Uganda, they tend to     have small farms that export beans. They don't use tractors, as     it is all done by hand, they use cow muck instead of fertiliser and     don't use hi-tech irrigation systems."

...

But even the method of transport is generating controversy. Some     researchers claim shipping is better than air freight, but others     insist that for perishable goods, packing them into a plane for a     quick journey is better than refrigerating them on a cargo ship. Air     freight contributes just 0.1 per cent to Britain's carbon     dioxide emissions.

0.1 % of CO2 emissions is caused by air freight? OK, even I have a hard time believing that number but if it's true, then really, all these peopple wibbling on about it are severely deluded. They're quite possibly causing more emissions shouting about it than the process itself actually generates.


June 3, 2007 in Climate Change | Permalink

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Comments

Well, air freight doesn't spend much time in British air space, does it?

Posted by: dearieme | Jun 3, 2007 12:11:59 PM

I don't know how it exactly works but i'v read somewhere that the CO2-emissions high up in the air are much more effective as a global warming force then the same emissions on the ground. So the 0,1% figure has to be multiplied with some factor (ten? twenty?) to get the real effect on global warming.

Posted by: ivan | Jun 3, 2007 6:48:06 PM

Of course that's still not much.

Posted by: ivan | Jun 3, 2007 6:49:44 PM

but they concede that sheep farming in New Zealand is more efficient than in our own country

As a statement of the bleedin' obvious this must surely be in the running for some sort of weekly prize.

Posted by: The Remittance Man | Jun 3, 2007 9:37:25 PM

ps. Did the "British researchers and farmers" factor in all the hot air generated in the eu parliament regarding farm subsidies?

If nothing else that would tip the emmisions scales, surely.

Posted by: The Remittance Man | Jun 3, 2007 9:40:37 PM

Ivan, you're thinking of ozone, a pollutant that is actually known to have a deleterious effect.

Posted by: Marcin Tustin | Jun 5, 2007 10:43:47 AM

At least I think I mean that it's planes emitting ozone. Frankly, it's been years since I saw any good media coverage of real pollution rather than carbon scare stuff, and I've forgotten what all the harmful stuff is.

Posted by: Marcin Tustin | Jun 5, 2007 10:47:54 AM

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