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March 08, 2007

Patrick and Susan Stubing: Incest

This story over the brother and sister, Patrick and Susan Stubing. There's something that I haven't yet seen in the commentary upon it which rather helps to explain what's going on:

How could they not have been moved? Patrick and Susan want to be together but the state wants them apart and is intent on destroying their family. It has taken their three older children into care and the fourth may yet follow. Patrick has served two prison terms for "love" and another jail sentence threatens if Germany's highest tribunal, the Constitutional Court, refuses to legalise their relationship next month.
...

Born into a violent and dysfunctional family of eight children, Patrick, now 30, was taken into care aged three or four, after being attacked by his father. He was later adopted. By the time he tracked down his birth mother in 2000, she was suffering from heart disease and being looked after by 16-year-old Susan. Their birth father was dead, as were five other brothers and sisters, some of whom were mentally handicapped, and all of whom died in childhood.

The couple say their sexual relationship began six months later, after their mother had died. In October 2001, Susan gave birth to a son, who was taken into care, as were two daughters who followed. Two of these three children are said to have developmental problems, although the severity is disputed. The authorities allowed Susan to keep a third daughter by Patrick because he was, by then, serving his second prison sentence for "illegal coitus". To complicate matters further, there is said to be a fifth child. Susan gave birth to another daughter by a 49-year-old "boyfriend" while her brother was in prison.

Now put aside the "instinctive revulsion" for a moment and consider the genetics for a moment. We are in general programmed to find those who are genetically close to us sexually attractive. Logically sensible, that we'd find those of the same tribe or group more attractive than those of others. (Those who find those around them shaggable will likely outbreed those who only find those from other groups so, given the way in which for most of our history as a species, contact with such other groups was rare.)

However, there are real problems when we are sexually attracted to those too genetically close to us, like siblings, those problems showing up in the next generation when recessive genes (I think I've got that bit right?) start to kick in.

So, in order for us to have got this far, without breeding the race into imbecility (in so far as this is not already true)  generations ago, there must be some mechanism by which this sexual attraction to those very close genetically can be turned off. Now this is only something I've seen around, can't even find the quotes, but it seems that this is nurture at work.

The attraction to those genetically close is nature at work, but turning that off is nurture: it's the very process of being raised together as siblings that turns off those feelings. I've seen a recent discussion saying that it's watching the mother caring for the other that does it. Anecdotally, and an older story, is that those children raised communally on kibbutzes do not mate amongst those they were raised with, whether they are genetically linked or not.

Now I agree that that's all a bit wishy washy, some half remembered stuff which not doubt an expert could clarify. But it does help us to explain what has happened here. As the children were raised apart, that nurture aspect didn't take.  There is therefore nothing there to overcome the nature part of the attraction to those genetically similar.

There's also a test that could be done, some research to see whether the general line of thought is actually correct. What is the general rate of incest amongst the population? And what is the general rate amongst children taken into care or adopted, rasied separately, and then meet again as adults?

Anyone know?

March 8, 2007 in Sex | Permalink

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Stephen Pinker has a discussion of this in How The Mind Works. The hypothesis is that when children are raised in close proximity to each other this triggers something that turns off any possibility of sexual attraction. It's the proximity in early childhood that does this, not the actual genetic relationship and it's demonstrated both by cases like this where a brother and sister are raised apart and later have a sexual relationship and cases where children who are not related are raised together and never have sexual relationships.

Posted by: Helen Osborn | Mar 8, 2007 10:26:04 AM

We are in general programmed to find those who are genetically close to us sexually attractive

Not so. We are genetically programmed to be attracted to those individuals that give our genes the best chance of succeeding in the next generation.
Given the delitirious effect to genes of inbreeding, sexual union with siblings would not be a viable strategy. HOWEVER, nurture, as yo point out DOES have an effect:you just don't fancy siblings you were bought up with (in the old days, this would have been a good test for being genetically related).

case throws up an interesing issue though, as outlined by Pinker. If a brother and sister of consenting age had sex, with no adverse effects on anyone ever, and if only they ever knew about it, would it be 'wrong'?

Posted by: william | Mar 8, 2007 10:31:00 AM

I have a vague memory of reading something indicating that it was the smell of people familiar in childhood that is the turn-off.

Posted by: sanbikinoraion | Mar 8, 2007 11:37:44 AM

According to a tv news report I saw on this case a couple of days ago (I think it was Sky) about 50% of siblings sepearated early in life and who reunite in adulthood form intimate relationships.

I can't give any verification to those numbers, but if they are true they do seem to bear out your theory.

Posted by: The Remittance Man | Mar 8, 2007 3:20:15 PM

According to a tv news report I saw on this case a couple of days ago (I think it was Sky) about 50% of siblings sepearated early in life and who reunite in adulthood form intimate relationships.

I can't give any verification to those numbers, but if they are true they do seem to bear out your theory.

Posted by: The Remittance Man | Mar 8, 2007 3:20:30 PM

As to the nurture vs nature thing maybe this anecdote will shed some light:

My parents had some very good freinds who had two daughters. Both families spent a great deal of time together. Later in life Ma Remittance made the comment that it had been the hope of both sets of parents that I might marry the eldest of the daughters (union of two great families and all that).

To her surprise I found the idea repulsive. Not because said daughter was unattractive (she isn't) nor because we don't get along (we do). It was simply that I regard the young lady more as a sister and the whole idea just didn't "feel" right.

Whether that's down to cultural conditioning or something more primal I haven't a clue.

Posted by: The Remittance Man | Mar 8, 2007 3:36:48 PM

Remittance Man - I have an almost identical anecdote involving my children and those "next door" (literally next door in this case).

Sons of one family, daughters of the other, raised together practically from the egg, much coming and going between the two homes, Christmas dinners all together etc etc.

But any suggestion that one lot might find any of the other lot, um, interesting, is met by cries of "Yuk".

There's definitely something in this.

Posted by: Anonymous Coward | Mar 8, 2007 3:59:16 PM

We are genetically programmed, as you put it, to be attracted to the person who would give us the best chance of passing on our genes to the next generation and of giving that child the best chance of survival.

You've nearly hit the nail on the head in your thinking about sexual attractiveness in siblings, and people who have been "brought up" in close proximity - what you are looking at is the well researched and universally accepted Westermarck Effect.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westermarck_effect#Westermarck_effect

The link gives a basic explanation of what's going on here. Essentially that being brought up in close proximity to someone mostly switches off our sexual drive towards them.

It is also very well known that people separated by adoption who are then reunited can experience extremely strong sexual desires - the sexual urge being a replacement of the normal social bonding that occurs.

Incest taboos have been around for a very long time and for some very good reasons, I believe this to be a tragic case of social circumstance and biology but on balance believe Germany should retain it's laws in this matter. Whether that should lead to automatic prosecution of these people is very very hard to say.

Posted by: Daniel | Mar 10, 2007 2:22:04 PM

I stumbled onto your site while looking for updates on the Stuebing case. This post is a year old, and so is the last comment; so I don't know if anyone will even read this. :)

Incest is a fascinating phenomenon. Its taboo status makes it difficult to study. There is no literature to speak of concerning "positive incest," which might lead you to think that incest is always a negative experience. However, there is no lack of anecdotes by both women and men, formerly and currently involved with a family member, who regard it as a positive experience. It seems clear that those people for whom incest has been and is positive prefer to remain anonymous rather than spill their guts in public to a researcher or author; and it is the stigma attached to incest that makes them feel this is necessary. I suspect it will be some time before an honest evaluation on the effects of incest is possible.

In addition, incest is variously defined by different cultures, and within the same culture at different times. For example, most people in America today seem to think marriage between first cousins is scandalous, depraved, etc., and incest; yet marriage between first cousins has been and continues to be accepted and perfectly legal throughout most of the world today, and is even legal in more than 20 states of the US.

The genetics argument against incest is not completely unfounded, but has much less weight than you probably think. I think I read that the odds of a birth defect occurring is roughly doubled when a brother and sister produce a child, going from 3% to 6%. You can confirm this -- or refute it; I may be wrong! -- by researching the matter on the web yourself.

It had bothered me some that more than one of Patrick and Susan's kids had some kind of birth defect; this seemed to contradict the statistic I just referred to (unless the Stuebings were simply extremely unlucky). However, from the italicized comments above, it appears there was some sort of genetic problem in their family already.

Based purely on anecdotal evidence I have read on the web, I think incest is quite a different phenomenon than the one painted by a simple, black-letter rule.

Posted by: Mike | Mar 12, 2008 10:05:04 AM

Looks like he is going to jail. I feel very bad for them.

It's just not right to separate this family. Tragic. I wish I could help them.

Posted by: Andrew | Mar 14, 2008 5:50:40 PM

Actually I am not sure about both of the Stubings kids, but one of them was born 2 months premature and is epileptic and developmentally delayed. I do not know details about the other child, but it is not necessarily that there is some kind of genetic issue. Statistically the incidence should definitely not be 50%. I am very interested in this issue because it is basically about the role of the state in morality. I think the key divide is between morality being about how we allow others to live as opposed to how we choose to live ourselves.

Posted by: Jessie | Nov 25, 2008 4:35:49 PM

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